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1. What organization/s do you represent?

 CEFAS (but answers in personal capacity)
 1 (4%) 
 
 NSERC Canadian Healthy Oceans Network
 1 (4%) 
 
 CEFAS
 1 (4%) 
 
 University of Aberdeen
 1 (4%) 
 
 Future Earth Coasts (formerly LOICZ)
 1 (4%) 
 
 European Environment Agency
 1 (4%) 
 
 Baltic Sea Centere at Stockholm University
 1 (4%) 
 
 Fisheries and Oceans Canada
 1 (4%) 
 
 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
 1 (4%) 
 
 NUI Galway and the H2020 BG1 2015 project 'ATLAS'
 1 (4%) 
 
 Innovative Fisheries Management - an Aalborg University Research Centre
 1 (4%) 
 
 Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management
 1 (4%) 
 
 University of Cape Town
 1 (4%) 
 
 DTU Aqua
 1 (4%) 
 
 Kiel Marine Science
 1 (4%) 
 
 Dalhousie University
 1 (4%) 
 
 The Fisheries Secretariat
 1 (4%) 
 
 Institute of Marine Research
 1 (4%) 
 
 OSPAR
 2 (7%) 
 
 AZTI
 1 (4%) 
 
 WWF/PelAC
 1 (4%) 
 
 University of Bergen
 1 (4%) 
 
 NOAA
 1 (4%) 
 
 Instituto Español de Oceanografía
 1 (4%) 
 
 NOAA National Ocean Service
 2 (7%) 
 
 Celtic Seas Partnership, WWF-UK
 1 (4%) 
 
Total: 28

2. What is your role?

 Manager/policy
 6 (21%) 
 
 Industrial sector/commercial
 0 (0%)  
 Researcher
 18 (64%) 
 
 NGO/campaigner
 2 (7%) 
 
 Other
 2 (7%) 
 
Total: 28

3. What marine sector do you mostly work in?

 oil & gas
 0 (0%)  
 shipping & ports
 0 (0%)  
 conservation
 7 (25%) 
 
 fisheries
 16 (57%) 
 
 renewable energy
 1 (4%) 
 
 tourism
 0 (0%)  
 aquaculture
 0 (0%)  
 aggregates
 0 (0%)  
 other
 4 (14%) 
 
Total: 28

4. The next set of questions relate to case studies.

Do you work within a specific ecosystem approach project and/or are you presenting a case study at the workshop?

 Yes
 19 (68%) 
 
 No
 9 (32%) 
 
Total: 28

5. Please enter the case study name and geographic scope.

 Integration of fisheries and environmental management Focal areas are North and Celtic Seas although some work is conducted in other areas
 1 (17%) 
 
 part of the EU FP7 project Co-creating Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Solutions (MareFrame).
 1 (17%) 
 
 Guadalquivir Estuary – Gulf of Cadiz (GE-GoC) (ICES IXa)
 1 (17%) 
 
 Application of Marine Resource Planning and Assessment to Ecosystem Based Management of the NOAA Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FLKNMS). The FLKNMS encompasses 9,933 sq. km and spans a shallow water interface between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.
 1 (17%) 
 
 Application of MPA design by stakeholder engagement for the USA Grays Reef National Marine Sanctuary located 32 km of the USA Georgia coastline. The rectangular Sanctuary is 6.5 km X 9 km.
 1 (17%) 
 
 Applying the ecosystem approach in the North-East Atlantic Initial steps and the challenges of reality. This covers the North East Atlantic to the midline of the Ocean, starting in the south level with the bottom of Spain all the way up to the North Pole .
 1 (17%) 
 
Total: 6

6. Please describe your role in relation to the case study.

 Project Leader
 1 (17%) 
 
 Part of the WPs that aim to: - Assess the present institutional structures for providing EAF advice in the EU - Identify the current science-policy-society interface in the implementation of the EAF in the EU - Assisting Pelagic AC and North Sea AC in their processes of moving towards an EAFM
 1 (17%) 
 
 scientist / integrated ecosystem assessment The Guadalquivir Estuary provides a regulating service to the Gulf of Cadiz fisheries, as some commercially important species (anchovy) use the ecosystem as a nursery ground. The Estuary is affected by a number of human activities such as river navigation/communication to the city of Seville (cruises, shipping) and agriculture (rice fields). These sectors’ pressures (dredging, freshwater diversion, turbidity) have a detrimental effect on the nursery service as they affect habitat extent and quality. The water management (dam regulation) stands out as a key node where many of these trade-offs converge. My role as scientist is to come up with a quantitative model able to relate, and ideally evaluate, these trade-offs and, if significantly important, incorporate these dynamics in the management of the anchovy stock.
 1 (17%) 
 
 We provide bio-physical data, maps, and geospatial assessments to support updates to Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Management Plan and the Efficacy of MPA Zoning. Work is done as partnership with various research and management agencies. Contact: [email protected], FLKNMS Superintendent.
 1 (17%) 
 
 We led a cross sector working group to decide on options to develop a research area only zone within the Grays Reef National Marine Sanctuary (GRNMS). We developed the technical approach to a define potential research area based on bio-physical characteristics and used geospatial tools based on a sliding windows approach (aka spatial options) to evaluate closure alternatives.
 1 (17%) 
 
 Secretariat to the OSPAR Commission
 1 (17%) 
 
Total: 6

7. This next set of questions relates to the background and description of the institutional arrangements in place for EBM for your case study.
Please describe the process that led to setting up the given multi-sectoral institutional arrangement (e.g. commission, committee).

 Drivers from EU and UK Government to integrate aspects of environmental and fisheries management. Project addresses MSFD descriptors 1, 3, 4 and 6 only
 1 (17%) 
 
 Not sue if I could say that there is a "multi-sectoral" arrangement when talking about EAFM in the EU...so far what I perceive is that there is "barely" an integration of the environmental "sector" into fisheries aspects (and not sure if that would qualify under the concepts of an EA), and in very few cases, maybe interaction of the fisheries sector with other sectors (i.e a punctual workshop where members of the PelAC sat down with representatives from the gravel extraction industry in order to map herring spawning grounds in the North Sea)
 1 (17%) 
 
 There is not a formal EBM institutional arrangement in place. There is an advisory board of the ‘Guadalquivir River Mouth Marine Protected Area (MPA)’ and the advisory board of the ‘Guadalquivir River Basin’. Both advisory boards (or a combination) could potentially work as an EBM institutional arrangement.
 1 (17%) 
 
 The FLKNMS management plan is updated every 5-10 years through a public process that engages stakeholders. The plan addresses ongoing monitoring, adaptive management measures, and agency coordination to ensure marine resources are protected while balancing use of marine resources in space and time.
 1 (17%) 
 
 The GRNMS management plan is updated every 5-10 years through a public process that engages stakeholders. The plan addresses ongoing monitoring, adaptive management measures, and agency coordination to ensure marine resources are protected while balancing use of marine resources in space and time. Public comments during the 1999/2000 management plan review for GRNMS requested that a Research Area only be considered to evaluate the impact of stressors on the Sanctuary.
 1 (17%) 
 
 The OSPAR convention has been in existence since the 1970s and has evolved to cover biodiversity issues and integrate ecosystem based approaches into its methodology. It is an intergovernmental organisation with 16 contracting parties including the European Union. As such it covers all the impacts of human activity in the marine environment given these fall under the regulation of the national governments.
 1 (17%) 
 
Total: 6

8. Please describe the sectors involved (fisheries, mining, tourism, etc.)

 fisheries conservation
 1 (17%) 
 
 As mentioned in the previous answer, fisheries and environment (a sector which I see you define as "conservation")
 1 (17%) 
 
 - Commercial and recreational fisheries (GE/GoC) - Shipping and tourism (city of Seville) - Agriculture (water/dam management, irrigators) - Conservation (Doñana National Park, Guadalquivir MPA)
 1 (17%) 
 
 Tourism, Conservation, Recreational Diving and Boating, Fisheries, Governmental and Non-Governmental Natural Resource Agencies.
 1 (17%) 
 
 Conservation, Recreational and Commercial Fishing, Law Enforcement, Education, and Recreational Dive Community.
 1 (17%) 
 
 OSPAR covers impacts of many sectors including: • Fisheries (no OSPAR measures) • Shipping (preference for IMO to take measures) • Dumping and Dredging • Offshore renewable energy • Oil and gas exploration • Coastal defence and other structures • Cables and pipelines • Artificial reefs • Land reclamation • Sand and gravel extraction • Tourism • Mariculture • Marine litter • Underwater noise • Dumped munitions
 1 (17%) 
 
Total: 6

9. The next set of questions aims to ascertain what kind of processes/arrangements are in place to support EBM in your case study.

Please describe the process/arrangement(s) in place to facilitate the generation of
integrated knowledge/science on the impacts of various activities on marine ecosystems.

 Collaboration of scientists, advisers and managers with focus on fisheries and conservation issues. This project does not include formal industry involvement as it is focused primarily on tools to describe trade-offs to support decision-making, although the predecessor project that scoped the issues to address did so.
 1 (20%) 
 
 As mentioned earlier there is not an EBM arrangement as such, but there are a number of projects and initiatives that could be used to generate integrated knowledge. - Long-term monitoring programmes (data!) both in the GE and GoC - Contribution of this particular ecosystem to the broader WGEAWESS. - Configuration of a socio-ecological group of scientists to assess these issues from a holistic perspective (since last WGEAWESS meeting in Cadiz).
 1 (20%) 
 
 A formal and structured process is administered by the FLKNMS to engage the public, State of Florida co-Trustee, and the FLKNMS Advisory Council that is comprised of members from various sectoral interests to provide guidance during the management plan update process.
 1 (20%) 
 
 A formal and structured process is administered by the GRNMS to engage the public, and the GRNMS Advisory Council that is comprised of members from various sectoral interests to provide guidance during the management plan update process. Based on the request from the public comments, a consensus-driven and constituent-based working group was formulated.
 1 (20%) 
 
 OSPAR operates through 5 thematic areas, but it also has processes in place, such as the Coordination Group to consider cross cutting issues. OSPAR’s Intermediate Assessment 2017 will start a process of trying to progress more integrated approaches in subsequent OSPAR assessments. A current intersessional group is developing an OSPAR cumulative effects methodology to benefit from the various approaches used by the Contracting Parties. Other workstreams, for instance in the biodiversity theme, are developing new indicators on habitats that build in food web elements to facilitate an ecosystem based approach. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive which most of our Contracting Parties are implementing also follows an EBM approach that is consistent with OSPAR’s approach.
 1 (20%) 
 
Total: 5

10. Please describe any process/arrangement in place that facilitates the
generation of knowledge on ecological, social and economic trade-offs of alternative ecosystem use/strategies.

 The entire project focuses on the development of tools for describing tradeoffs and to assess the effects of alternate management actions, but the project focus is relatively narrow in relation to the entire ecosystem approach because the MSFD descriptors of interest are primarily affected by fishing.
 1 (20%) 
 
 Nothing in place yet but one could say there is an embryo of such an arrangement. Natural and social scientists have held two workshops to describe trade-offs. Joint analyses of data are planned and project applications have been submitted.
 1 (20%) 
 
 The FLKNMS Management Plan Review Process involves key components of planning, data evaluation, ecosystem characterization and often conducting scenario analyses in space and time on the allocation of marine space to various human use sectors and/or no-take reserves.
 1 (20%) 
 
 The GRNMS Management Plan Review Process involves key components of planning, data evaluation, ecosystem characterization and often conducting scenario analyses in space and time on the allocation of marine space to various human use sectors and/or no-take reserves.
 1 (20%) 
 
 OSPAR has limited formal assessments related to social and economic aspects, although a region wide basic assessment on economic value of marine sectors is currently being done. The trade offs in fact tend to be done as measures are developed either at the OSPAR wide scale (eg litter) or at national scale. These processes inevitably take into account the various costs and benefits and political considerations. However this is not built into any ecological or cumulative effects model yet.
 1 (20%) 
 
Total: 5

11. Please describe the decision-making process at multi-sectoral level that can
take up data and information, formulate advice, implement decisions and review all aspects of the process.

 The tools would support, and are supporting, Cefas advice to Government on issues such as MPA management. The project supports policy need but project participants are not involved in the decision making.
 1 (20%) 
 
 ‘Guadalquivir River Mouth Marine Protected Area (MPA)’ and ‘Guadalquivir River Basin’ advisory boards are identied.
 1 (20%) 
 
 A formal and structured process is administered by the FLKNMS to engage the public, State of Florida co-Trustee, and the FLKNMS Advisory Council that is comprised of members from various sectoral interests to provide guidance during the management plan update process.
 1 (20%) 
 
 A formal and structured process is administered by the GRNMS to engage the public and the GRNMS Advisory Council that is comprised of members from various sectoral interests to provide guidance during the management plan update process. The working group was comprised of both Federal managers and scientists, some Advisory Council members, and other stakeholders to develop the Research Area.
 1 (20%) 
 
 This is the core activity for OSPAR in that working groups report up to the thematic Committees (eg biodiversity and human impacts Committees) include both technical and policy expertise. Decisions are taken that then progress up through Coordination Group to the policy level of the OSPAR Commission.
 1 (20%) 
 
Total: 5

12. Please describe the degree to which the  knowledge generated is used to assess impacts and/or in decision-making.

 Project outputs/ methods/ tools have been used to support mapping of fishing grounds, MPA impact assessment, achieving balance between conservation and fishing needs around MPA and to provide advice on management of data poor species.
 1 (20%) 
 
 Not yet.
 1 (20%) 
 
 A very high level of data, information, and knowledge in generated and used during the FLKNMS management plan review so that all stakeholders have access to information. This information is part of the review process in making spatial management decisions on the allocation and use of natural resources and the protection of cultural resources.
 1 (20%) 
 
 A very high level of data, information, and knowledge was generated and used during the GRNMS assessment to develop a Research Area and all stakeholders had access to the information. Bio-physical and economic information was part of the process to define a preferred alternative for the Research Area. A sliding window approach was used to evaluate location and spatial configuration of the Research Area.
 1 (20%) 
 
 Assessment and review are core to the OSPAR Convention, with all measures requiring such a process. This may be self reporting on implementation as well as monitoring and assessments of impacts. In some areas such as hazardous substances there are established cycles of assessment and review already carried out. In newer areas, such as biodiversity, integrated management through MPAs etc these cycles are only just starting. Integrated management through assessment of cumulative effects, pressure impact relationships beyond single pressure impacts is in its infancy.
 1 (20%) 
 
Total: 5

13. Describe the role of sector-level management within a multi-sectoral, EBM framework:

 A strong role
 3 (100%)  
 A medium role
 0 (0%)  
 A low role
 0 (0%)  
Total: 3

14. In less than 10 lines please shortly evaluate the level of capacity in science, policy, and management for EBM in your given case study area:

 Science capacity is good enough to answer the most pressing policy questions relating to fisheries and conservation tradeoffs. In my (personal) view progress with adopting an ecosystem approach in policy and management, and hence the uptake of emerging science, is mostly down to the risk aversion of policy makers and managers and the ways they respond to uncertainty. Also, the improvements in sectoral management and the state of the environment (especially in the North Sea) in the last few years has strengthened the case that effective sectoral management can go a long way towards achieving conservation goals and has lessened the political desire (and need) for more significant reform.
 1 (20%) 
 
 Depending on the time of the year the dam is operated, it can have different effects on the nursery role of the Guadalquivir Estuary and consequently on some fisheries of the Gulf of Cadiz. The amount of water discharged affects salinity and, most importantly turbidity. These changes are related to the survival of mysids, which are known to be the main prey of juvenile anchovy. There are obvious conflicting interests between agriculture/tourism/shipping and the maintenance of the nursery role. If our hypothesis is correct, a proper management of the dam can be the central issue in an EBM framework.
 1 (20%) 
 
 The level of capacity is high but very complex in the FLKNMS as many state and federal governmental agencies have management authority and must balance the conservation and economic management objectives for the FLKNMS ecosystem.
 1 (20%) 
 
 The level of capacity was high for the GRNMS as state, academia, private sector and federal governmental agencies provided data and information to balance the conservation and economic management objectives for the GRNMS Research Area.
 1 (20%) 
 
 The North East Atlantic remains at a relatively high level of capacity in terms of science, policy and management compared to many regions. However like all regions, the next step in integrating the different disciplines and developing a proper understanding of pressure – state relationships in dynamic complex marine ecosystems is huge challenge. Several Cumulative Effects models being used are a step forward in this. The established policy cycle of assessment measures and review is also of importance. Better understanding of foodwebs and habitats will be essential too. MPAs and marine planning also offer opportunities to test out EBM.
 1 (20%) 
 
Total: 5

15. The following questions relate to generic understanding of the ecosystem approach.

 In 3 bullet points or less, can you describe the Ecosystem Approach?

 Managing marine systems for ecological, economic and social sustainability
 1 (9%) 
 
 Integration of biological, economic, and human aspects of "ecosystem", Consider response of "ecosystem" to a broad range of pressures covering biological, economic and social aspects. Also consider feedbacks between different parts of system, including the human dimension (e.g. game theory ideas).
 1 (9%) 
 
 1. Integration of land,water (Incl. marine) and resource management for increased resilience and sustainability. 2. An adaptive management strategy. 3. Accounts for human and cultural diversity as an integrated element of ecosystems
 1 (9%) 
 
 1. a holistic, place-based framework for oceans management 2. a systems approach, comprised of natural (bio-physical), social and governing systems 3. transparent, participatory inclusive approach that that seeks to sustain healthy marine ecosystems long term
 1 (9%) 
 
 1. An integrated approach that considers all ecosystem components (e.g. human activities, habitats and species, and physical processes). 2. Consideration of ecosystem functions and resulting ecosystem services. 3. Strong participation of stakeholders.
 1 (9%) 
 
 - conservation and sustainable use - management strategies for the entire system rather than for individual components - illuminate and address trade-offs across multiple objectives
 1 (9%) 
 
 1) incorporation of ecosystem and climate constraints on population dynamics for the development of adaptive strategies sensitive to external forcing for the management of exploited populations 2) harvesting marine resources in a manner that reduces impact on ecosystems, habitats, and non target species 3) What it should be: an approach which balances the benefits and costs of harvesting marine resource on other services e.g. climate controls via modification of the biological carbon pump, biodiversity and ecotourism and marine transport/energy
 1 (9%) 
 
 - It is one that accounts for important regulatory processes or interactions between sectors
 1 (9%) 
 
 *Planning *Data Evaluation and Characterization *Management Applications
 2 (18%) 
 
 Basing management decisions on the interactions between human activities and the pressures they create, their impact on ecosystems and the natural change already ongoing in the system.
 1 (9%) 
 
Total: 11

16. Why do you see value to the Ecosystem Approach concept?

 Encourages managers to consider interactions and ecological, social and economic trade-offs throughout the evaluation and decision-making process.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Fisheries or indeed any component should not be considered in isolation from other aspects. Wise decisions concerning management need to at least consider the bigger picture.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Balancing conservation, sustainable use and equitability
 1 (11%) 
 
 It is a broad-based, holistic approach that consider multiple users. multiple stressors, the environment, includes people as users, consumers and managers. It puts individual activities in the context of the bigger picture.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Provides a basis for the application of Maritime Spatial Planning.
 1 (11%) 
 
 - It is simply necessary for a correct management
 1 (11%) 
 
 The Ecosystem Approach is required to enable effective and efficient management of marine resources in space and time.
 2 (22%) 
 
 The natural systems in the marine environment are complex dynamic systems with a multitude of interactions between species and habitats and with their environment. Therefore most of the management decision we make will either have perverse effects or sub-optimal outcomes if the decision and the evidence it is based on does not take into account these interactions.
 1 (11%) 
 
Total: 9

17. What are the main outputs/products/services coming from the sector/s operating in the region in which you work?

 Food Income Employment
 1 (11%) 
 
 Fisheries yields (catch in £ and tonnage). Secure food supply. Long-term sustainable ecosystem services. Sustainable jobs of sufficient number and quality.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Manuals and guidelines albeit with a distinctive intellectual/academic focus.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Fishing/Aquaculture/Employment/Food/Tourism Oil and Gas/Shipping/
 1 (11%) 
 
 Scientific research Fishing Oil and gas Telecommunications
 1 (11%) 
 
 - Provision services (fish) - Regulatory services (GE nursery role) - Economic revenues from agriculture (rice fields) tourism (cruises) and shipping (port activity in Seville)
 1 (11%) 
 
 Tourism, fisheries, boating, education, and ecosystem restoration.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Marine Research results, fisheries management, boating regulations, and educational opportunities were a result of the process and decision making to make the Research Area.
 1 (11%) 
 
 OSPAR covers a wide region in terms of socio- economy, ecosystems and geography. So most marine and maritime sectors and their products are included in the region.
 1 (11%) 
 
Total: 9

18. Within your sector what are the 3 main objectives driving your activities?

 Maintaining productivity, diversity and resilience of the sea Sustainable production Desire to see more effective management
 1 (11%) 
 
 Development of multi-annual plans. Regionalisation of management structures. Integration of multispecies and mixed fisheries issues within formal advice process.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Sustainability, resilience and adaptation
 1 (11%) 
 
 1. strong economic growth in our marine and fisheries sectors 2. innovation through research in expanding sectors such as aquaculture and biotechnology; and 3. clean and healthy environment and sustainable aquatic ecosystems through habitat protection, oceans management, and ecosystems research
 1 (11%) 
 
 Development of habitat suitability models to better predict the location of VMEs Improved data sharing particularly with industry to improve cost effective environmental impact assessment and hence promote 'Blue Growth' Better integration of existing legal and policy instruments
 1 (11%) 
 
 - Good stock management - Good environmental status - Ecosystem services maintenance
 1 (11%) 
 
 Balancing conservation, economic, and ecological services for the benefit of humans and nature.
 2 (22%) 
 
 Our objectives within OSPAR reflect the common objectives of our Contracting Parties to protect the marine environment. This is balanced against the social and economic objectives of the same parties.
 1 (11%) 
 
Total: 9

19. What do you see as the main impediments/challenges for the achievement of the objectives in your sector?

 Transition costs are the overwhelming impediment
 1 (11%) 
 
 Lack of government funding. Conservatism of scientists and advisory process members. Political tensions with so many countries and transnational bodies involved.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Application to forward planning rather than reflection on environmental status.
 1 (11%) 
 
 1. Lack of resources 2. Conflict between oceans use and oceans conservation (this has several facets, including ocean use purely as a commercial enterprise, ocean use as a means to making a living, as a way of life, the cultural/social aspects of fishing...... and conservation such as MPAs where no activities are allowed to conservation approaches that include co-design with communities.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Lack of an overarching framework to integrate sectoral management approaches
 1 (11%) 
 
 Lack of knowledge of the interactions between processes. Need of EBM.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Communications and trust take time to build and having high quality and spatially comprehensive economic, biological, and physical data and information to support decisions.
 1 (11%) 
 
 GRNMS is located 32 km off the USA Georgia Coast, thus its relatively far distance from shore made it critical to build trust among work group members since routine visits to proposed Research Area for the entire group was not feasible.
 1 (11%) 
 
 With regard to the EBM approach the challenge remains poor knowledge on the interactions between pressures and impacts in an incredibly complex and dynamic environment. Usable tools to tackle this are required.
 1 (11%) 
 
Total: 9

20. Please describe any realized or potential conflicts between different marine sectors?

 The project focuses on conflicts between fisheries and conservation: main issues are vulnerable habitats, rare species and MPA
 1 (13%) 
 
 Tension between fisheries and other sectors such as offshore wind, tourism, aggregate extraction,
 1 (13%) 
 
 Competition for resources and space both within in the marine realm and also in terms of land use planning for infrastructure support
 1 (13%) 
 
 Strong opposition to aquaculture by inshore fisheries sector Fisheries and Oil and Gas Sectors Shipping and Marine Mammals (this has been resolved by moving shipping channels)
 1 (13%) 
 
 More than between marine sectors, the conflicts would be between marine (fisheries) and estuarine/city sectors: rice crops, shipping, tourism.
 1 (13%) 
 
 Competition for use of ocean space and associated resources.
 2 (25%) 
 
 Not answering this as it would be a long essay – you will know the main ones, found in any similar developed country region;
 1 (13%) 
 
Total: 8

21. The next set of questions concern the way forward.
Based on your experience, please rank where improvements in the ecosystem approach would be most effective:

  
Low
Average
High
(%)001040500
Improved planning of marine areas use
     
 
  
 
  
 
   
 12345N/A
(%)001020600
Improved science/knowledge to inform decisions
     
 
  
 
  
 
   
 12345N/A
(%)004020400
Improved stakeholder consultation
     
 
  
 
  
 
   
 12345N/A
(%)10030302010
Improved legal frameworks
 
 
    
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
12345N/A
Total: 10

22. If necessary, please describe any other improvements that you view as a priority:

 Supporting transition costs, as above
 1 (13%) 
 
 Improved collection of data to support broader ecosystem perspectives and indicators of state. Improved connection between data and modelling.
 1 (13%) 
 
 Moving beyond both an academic treatise and its integration into 'real life' planning processes.
 1 (13%) 
 
 Consideration of the impacts of multiple use/stressors within an area-based approach. Minimally across multiple fisheries, ideally across multiple stressors.
 1 (13%) 
 
 Improved information to the sectors on the benefits they will achieve when implementing an EA (what I perceive is that unfortunatelly, they will not move into an EA unless they see short term economic benefits)
 1 (13%) 
 
 Early and better stakeholder engagement and resources to monitor the results from management actions.
 1 (13%) 
 
 Early and better stakeholder engagement and resources to monitor the results from management actions. Requires large effort to ensure all work group participants can understand and visualize the data they were evaluating to make spatial management decisions on the size and configuration of the Research Area.
 1 (13%) 
 
 Improved intersectoral dialogue, for instance within national administrations.
 1 (13%) 
 
Total: 8

23. Based on your experience, describe the main value in integrating management
 across marine sectors and what you see as the way forward in your region:

 As above: Encourages managers to consider interactions and ecological, social and economic trade-offs throughout the evaluation and decision-making process.
 1 (11%) 
 
 The main benefits will be improved transparency and quality of decision-making, with the trade-offs that already happen being more explicit, better thought though, and having higher legitimacy,
 1 (11%) 
 
 Improved governance of maritime activities
 1 (11%) 
 
 This brings people to the same table and enables discussion and promotes understanding of different perspectives and experiences.
 1 (11%) 
 
 Application of marine spatial planning taking into account the value of ecosystem goods and services provides a means of delivering ecosystem system based management.
 1 (11%) 
 
 As described earlier if we can quantitatively assess the effect of the dam regulation on the recruitment of anchovy we can probably indirectly improve the management of the stock.
 1 (11%) 
 
 To ensure all stakeholders are part of solutions to optimize for sustainable use of marine resources.
 2 (22%) 
 
 More effective and efficient management of differing activities to optimise social, economic and environmental outcomes. The way forward is gradually evolving in our region, OSPAR is trying to do its part in engaging in cross sectoral dialogue, developing more integrated assessment tools, trying to develop more robust decision making and measures to deliver an EBM.
 1 (11%) 
 
Total: 9

24. Thank you for completing this survey. Do you have any other thoughts for us?

 We need to consider Governance of the Oceans. Currently, an EA to Oceans management is challenged by the fact that in most (all?) Nations, despite some Oceans Acts, different sectors have different governing bodies, and thus no one Governing Body has the mandate over all activities. This can create problems for reaching multi-sector approaches to, and solutions for Oceans management .
 1 (20%) 
 
 I'm sorry I couldn't complete all of the questions. Some of them are precisely related to topics we are researching in the MareFrame project, and I personally don't feel I have the knowledge to answer them
 1 (20%) 
 
 Marine planning is critical to spatial allocation of marine resources to advance EBM.
 2 (40%) 
 
 A better survey interface!!!
 1 (20%) 
 
Total: 5