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THEME SESSIONS (See Paper
Submission Instructions)
| Marine Ecosystem Observation
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The Role of Benthic Communities as Indicators
of Marine Environmental Quality and Ecosystem Change.
Co-Conveners: Heye Rumohr (Germany) and Chris Frid (UK) (Session
J) |
Towards Regional Marine Biometeorology Networks: Expectations,
Current Experiences and Results.
Convener Wulf Greve (Germany) (Session K) |
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Plankton Monitoring: Better Coverage by Ship-of-Opportunity
and Remote Sensing Methods.
Co-Conveners: Juha Flinkman (Finland) and Seppo Kaitala (Finland)
(Session L)
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Biological Effects Monitoring in the Baltic Sea.
Co-Conveners: Kari Lehtonen (Finland) and Doris Schiedek (Germany)
(Session M)
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| Marine Ecosystem Function |
Size-Dependency in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems.
Co-Conveners: Henrik Gislason (Denmark) and John Pope (Norway)
(Session N) |
Transport of Eggs and Larvae Relevant to Cod Stocks of
the North Atlantic.
Co-Conveners: Bjørn Ådlandsvik (Norway) and Joel
Chasse (Canada) (Session O) |
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Physical-Biological Interactions in Marginal and Shelf
Seas.
Co-Conveners: Wolfgang Fennel (Germany), Charles Hannah (Canada),
and Henn Ojaveer (Estonia) (Session P)
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| Marine Ecosystem Change |
Regional Long-Term Changes in the Spatial Distribution,
Abundance and Migration of Pelagic and Demersal Resources.
Co-Conveners: C. Porteiro (Spain), C. Bannister (UK), and D.
Reid (UK) (Session Q) |
Freshwater and Diadromous Fishes in the Baltic Sea.
Co-Conveners: Toomas Saat (Estonia) and Erkki Ikonen (Finland)
(Session R) |
Ecosystem Consequences of Cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea.
Convener: Markku Viitasalo (Finland) (Session
S) |
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On the State and Stability of the northern North Atlantic:
Patterns and Trends.
Co-Conveners: Alicia Lavín (Spain), Harald Loeng (Norway),
and Tom Rossby (USA) (Session T)
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| Interaction
of People with Marine Ecosystems |
The Scope and Effectiveness of Stock Recovery Plans in
Fishery Management.
Co-Conveners: Paul Connolly (Ireland), Colin Bannister (UK),
and Jean-Jacques Maguire (Canada) (Session
U) |
Mixed and Multi-Stock Fisheries - Challenges and Tools
for Assessments, Prediction, and Management.
Co-Conveners: Laurie Kell (UK), Walter Crozier (UK), and Chris
Legault (USA). (Co-sponsored by NOAA, USA) (Session
V) |
Decision Systems for Eutrophication.
Co-Conveners: Sif Johansson (Sweden) and Fred Wulff (Sweden)
(Session W) |
Evaluation of Fisheries Management Scenarios and the Supporting
Data through Simulation.
Co-Conveners: John Simmonds (UK) and Martin Pastoors (The Netherlands)
(Session X) |
Reference Point Approaches to Management within the Precautionary
Approach.
Co-Conveners: Per Sandberg (Norway), Frans van Beek (The Netherlands),
and Carmela Porteiro (Spain) (Session Y) |
The Historical and Current Use of Technical Conservation
Measures and the Evaluation of Their Effectiveness, with Special
Emphasis on North Atlantic Demersal Fisheries.
Co-Conveners: Andy Revill (UK), Bob van Marlen (The Netherlands),
and Phil Kunzlik (UK) (Session Z) |
Marine
Ecosystem Observation
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The Role of Benthic Communities
as Indicators of Marine Environmental Quality and Ecosystem
Change (Session J)
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Co-Conveners:
Heye Rumohr and Chris Frid
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This Session will synthesise the state-of-the-art
of the knowledge, which will contribute to the further development
of operational ecological quality objectives for marine benthic
communities. These objectives will be required in the context
of the EU Habitat Directive, the EU Water Framework Directive,
and OSPAR-HELCOM Conventions. There has been a great demand
for operational indices, performance indicators, and metrics
for ecological quality of the benthic system since the 5th North
Sea Conference in Bergen, March 2002.Contributions are welcome
that:· Describe the use of different organism groups
of the benthos, e.g. bacteria, algae, higher plants, invertebrates,
and levels of integration (species vs. communities).·
Critically review the applicability and limitations of current
indices, indicators, etc., and innovative developments in this
field.· Evaluate the use of benthos to document ecosystem
changes due to anthropogenic or natural causes e.g., climate
variability. |
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Towards Regional Marine Biometeorology
Networks: Expectations, Current Experiences and Results
(Session K)
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Convener:
Wulf Greve
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Marine ecosystems respond to ambient temperatures
through the response of individual organism's nutrition, digestion,
reproduction, growth, and behaviour at various time scales.
This results in shifts of the seasonal timing of phyto- and
zooplankton populations and in the spawning periods of fish
and benthos, which then interferes with the match or mismatch
with prey and/or predators (e.g. phyto-zooplankton, zooplankton-fish
larvae). In order to understand the effects on predator/prey
interactions and the dynamics of marine populations and their
relations to ocean ecosystems in the context of the global climate
system these relationships merit increased attention.
Terrestrial ecologists observe and document population phenology
on the basis of private observers recruited and organised
by meteorological services and by the WMO International Phenological
Gardens (IPG) distributed all over Europe. Marine biometeorology
could be developed using similar approaches.
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Plankton Monitoring: Better
Coverage by Ship-of-Opportunity and Remote Sensing Methods
(Session L)
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Co-Conveners:
Juha Flinkman and Seppo Kaitala
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Plankton monitoring at fixed stations has its
obvious limitations. Phytoplankton monitoring of the Baltic
Sea has for the past ten years benefited from continuous measurements
by commercial vessels on passage between Finland, Estonia, Sweden,
and Germany. Currently this activity is being expanded to include
zooplankton. Further, remote sensing is necessary in order to
expand the limited information provided by ships to cover larger
areas. These are approaching a stage where algal biomasses and
main taxonomical groups of algae (including cyanobacteria and
other harmful algae) can be described and quantified using their
characteristic pigment signatures. These developments will provide
a new insight into spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton
and zooplankton, and their interactions, which is essential
for fisheries-related analyses and models of the pelagic ecosystem.
This Session invites contributions on:
· the development of plankton monitoring methods and
results;
studies that model and predict plankton distributions and
their temporal trends.
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Biological Effects Monitoring
in the Baltic Sea
(Session M)
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Co-Conveners:
Kari Lehtonen and Doris Schiedek
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Monitoring of the state of the seas is mostly
based on measurements of concentrations of harmful substances
in seawater, sediments, and biota. However, with the already
enormous and continuously increasing number of potentially toxic
substances present in and released into seas this approach alone
is no longer considered meaningful, cost-effective, or even
possible. During the past decades, molecular, biochemical, cytological,
immunological, and physiological techniques have been under
dynamic development for the detection of effects of pollutants
in marine organisms. More recently a strong emphasis on their
further development and application in marine monitoring programmes
has emerged within the EU (e.g. the BEEP project).
Pollution is still a major issue in the Baltic Sea region.
In order to assess biological effects of the various harmful
substances an integrated monitoring approach is needed. During
the past decade such programmes have been in progress in other
sea areas, in Europe mainly in the North Atlantic (e.g. by
OSPARCOM) and in the Mediterranean (e.g. MEDPOL). In the Baltic
Sea region, the first steps have been made towards a bio-effect
marker approach. However, further actions are needed that
(1) lead to the validation of suitable methods, (2) support
a Baltic Sea network of institutions aiming at the use of
biological effects methods, and ultimately (3) lead to the
implementation of selected biological effects methods in national
and international (HELCOM) monitoring programmes.
The Session will review current knowledge and on-going activities.
Contributions are invited addressing different aspects of
pollution effects on biota, their detection and assessment.
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Marine Ecosystem Function
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Size-Dependency in Marine and
Freshwater Ecosystems
(Session N)
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Co-Conveners:
Henrik Gislason and John Pope
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Marine and freshwater ecosystems are typically
organised according to size. Most species have to grow through
a series of sizes and many of the processes to which aquatic
organisms are subject may depend as much on their size as on
their species (e.g., mortality and growth). Hence, the size
of the individual may largely determine its biological characteristics.Size
dependency is seen in the processes affecting individuals. However,
emergent properties of the ecosystem that are size-related (e.g.
regular size spectra, distribution of life history characteristics)
are apparent, but the linkages are not well understood. This
suggests that renewed studies of size-dependent processes and
interactions in aquatic ecosystems and the construction of size-based
models would further understanding. They would further our understanding
of how aquatic ecosystems are structured and how they might
respond to exploitation.This Session will help with enhancing
and extending observations and theory beyond those already available
on a size basis. It hopes to include results of research on
organisms, life stages, and size across the entire food web.Against
this background, contributions are welcome on:· Size-dependent
processes of aquatic organisms related to their biotic and abiotic
environment.· Size dependence in the recruitment process.·
Observations of size-related emergent properties of marine and
freshwater ecosystems.· Quantification and importance
of size-related human impacts on species assemblages.·
Observations of size-dependent interactions in marine and freshwater
ecosystems.Contributions would be particularly welcome on:·
Novel size-based models, which link processes occurring at the
individual level to population and ecosystems organization.·
Models explaining size-related emergent properties of ecosystems.·
Size-based descriptions of the ecosystems compared and contrasted
with other possible categorizations of individuals within ecosystems
(e.g. taxonomic or trophic). |
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Transport of Eggs and Larvae
Relevant to Cod Stocks of the North Atlantic
(Session O)
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Co-Conveners:
Bjørn Ådlandsvik and Joel Chasse
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The eggs and larvae of cod and other gadoid species
are transported by ocean currents. In some areas this transport
is over 1000 km and is important for the maintenance of a stock
component (e.g., the West Greenland-Iceland connection). For
other stocks, transport moves the pelagic stages into areas
of high food production (e.g., the Baltic). The consequences
of variability in transport for survival and recruitment have
been difficult to quantify and this was one of the aims of the
ICES/GLOBEC Workshop on the Transport of Cod Larvae held in
April 2002. This follow-up Session will evaluate the material
presented, and explore avenues of research discussed at the
Workshop. This includes the development of transport indices
for comparison with recruitment indices. The Session will also
provide an opportunity to present the major findings from the
Workshop to the broader ICES community. The inclusion of other
fish and prey species will allow comparisons between cod and
these species. |
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Physical-Biological Interactions
in Marginal and Shelf Seas
(Session P)
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| Co-Conveners: Wolfgang Fennel, Charles
Hannah, and Henn Ojaveer |
Ecosystems of marginal and shelf seas, among them
the Baltic Sea, are characterized by pronounced gradients and
high spatio-temporal variability of both hydrographic (salinity,
temperature, oxygen) and biotic (e.g., food-web structure, productivity,
taxonomic composition) characteristics. In addition, the structure
and extent of human impact (eutrophication/pollution, fisheries,
bio-invasions) differs between and within the seas. Better understanding
of the physical-biological interactions which control the dynamics
of the systems and the responses of the systems to natural and
anthropogenic forcing is of essential importance for proper
management of natural resources, ranging from environmental
quality to commercial fish stocks.
Contributions dealing with hydrographic, chemical, and biological
variability, and their interactions are welcome.
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Marine Ecosystem Change
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Regional Long-Term
Changes in the Spatial Distribution, Abundance and Migration
of Pelagic
and Demersal Resources
(Session Q) |
Co-Conveners:
Carmela Porteiro, Colin Bannister, and D. G. Reid
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As stocks of key commercial species decline, and
fisheries are subjected to strong management measures, including
closed spawning and juvenile areas; assessments are deteriorating
due to the declining quality of fisheries data, and the reduced
availability of samples from the closed areas. Assessments and
the monitoring of recovery plans will therefore be increasingly
dependent on the results of survey series. Also, as stock abundance
declines, spatial patchiness, and the likelihood of changes
in the distribution of species due to species interactions and
climate change, become increasingly important.
In order to address these issues, contributions are particularly
welcome on:
· The spatial distribution and heterogeneity of abundance
of individual species among areas, using survey data and fisheries
logbook data.
· How the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of
abundance of individual species change through time.
· Evidence for the occurrence of environmental shifts
by comparing changes in relative abundance across species
within regions, and within species across regions.
The implications for assessments and for the monitoring of
a recovery plan.
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Freshwater and Diadromous Fishes
in the Baltic Sea
(Session R)
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| Co-Conveners: Toomas Saat and Erkki
Ikonen |
The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish
water basins in the world. Due to its very low salinity, freshwater
species can survive there. However, this low salinity, even
in the Baltic Proper, decreases the survivability of marine
species. In addition to diadromous species, many freshwater
species are common and abundant in the brackish water of the
Baltic Sea. They constitute a permanent and important component
of the coastal ecosystems of the Baltic Sea. Some of these species
(pikeperch, pike, perch, several cyprinids) are important for
the commercial and recreational fishery. Some have been recently
included among the species for which populations have to be
monitored in the sea by the EU member countries. Traditional
stock assessment methods are often not applicable for freshwater
species, especially as they will be too expensive in comparison
with the value of catch due to complex stock structures.
Contributions that address any of the following issues are
invited:
· Environmental restrictions for freshwater fishes
in the Baltic Sea (salinity, temperature, and other effects
on the life cycle).
· The Baltic Sea as a route for a post-glacial invasion
of freshwater fish.
· Freshwater fish as a component of Baltic ecosystems.
· Monitoring of freshwater fish assemblages and populations
in the sea.
· Monitoring of fishery, and stock assessment.
· Diadromous fish and fisheries in the Baltic Sea (including
eel and river lamprey).
· The role of ecosystem changes, environmental toxicants,
and genetics in the diadromous fish populations, biology and
fishing in the Baltic Sea.
· The role of hatcheries in the future of diadromous
fish in the Baltic Sea.
Migrations of freshwater and diadromous fish in the Baltic
Sea.
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Ecosystem Consequences of Cyanobacteria
in the Baltic Sea
(Session S)
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Convener:
Markku Viitasalo
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Cyanobacteria blooms belong to the most alarming
signals of the changing status of the Baltic Sea. While the
cyanobacteria have occurred in the Baltic Sea during its present
brackish-water stage (ca. 7000 years), it is assumed that the
frequency, duration, and spatial coverage of cyanobacteria blooms
has increased along with the eutrophication of the Baltic Sea.
Also, global warming and its potential consequences - increases
of water temperature, precipitation, and freshwater runoff -
may make conditions more favourable for cyanobacteria blooms.
For obvious reasons, cyanobacteria blooms are of particular
interest to fisheries and maritime recreational activities.
Because of their toxin-production, cyanobacteria are also a
health issue both for marine life and humans.
Cyanobacteria blooms, their occurrence and development, have
been investigated in the Baltic Sea for decades. However,
relatively little is still known about their impact on the
ecosystem, especially on their effects on the highest trophic
levels, i.e. the fish.
Contributions on the following topics are welcome that:
· Explore the potential effects of cyanobacteria on
the structure and functioning of the marine ecosystem as a
whole.
Describe modelling and theoretical studies, and scenarios,
as well as case studies from the Baltic and other marine ecosystems.
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On the State and Stability of
the northern North Atlantic: Patterns and Trends
(Session T)
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Co-Conveners:
Alicia Lavin, Harald Loeng, and Tom Rossby
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Interannual to decadal variability has been observed
throughout North Atlantic waters. These are largely due to a
combination of variability in advective transport, changes in
the properties of the advected waters themselves, and from air-sea
fluxes in open water regions. They have been linked to large-scale
atmospheric processes, as reflected in simple indices such as
the North Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Pacific quasi-decadal
oscillations. Some, if not most, of this variability is natural,
but given 0.3-0.6°C in surface temperature over the last
century, it behoves us to identify potentially related trends
in the ocean, and to develop a quantitative understanding of
how these relate to changes in the atmosphere. Thus there is
a compelling need to improve our knowledge of structure of the
circulation in the ocean on the one hand, and to document changes
taking place in the marine environment on the other. Numerical
studies provide an increasingly powerful framework for bringing
diverse observations into a unified whole. According to recent
model studies, warming may be 2-3°C around the margins of
the Arctic Ocean over the next 50 years. Furthermore, the greatest
warming will occur in autumn-winter due to delay in the onset
of sea-ice cover. These are of course questions of enormous
importance to society.
Contributions on the following specific topics are welcome:
· Climate variability and changes in the northern
North Atlantic and their causes.
· Changes in ocean circulation and variability in volume
and heat fluxes.
· The role of NAO and AO on the state of the North
Atlantic.
How can models explain the state and stability of the northern
North Atlantic?
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Interaction of People with Marine Ecosystems
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The Scope and Effectiveness
of Stock Recovery Plans in Fishery Management
(Session U)
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Co-Conveners:
Paul Connolly, Colin Bannister, and Jean-Jacques Maguire
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Numerous fish stocks are diagnosed as being overexploited
or depleted and there is consensus among interested parties
on the need to rebuild them to a higher biomass. There is no
consensus, however, on the best means to rebuild the stocks
or on the speed at which rebuilding should occur to meet stock
or industry considerations. Several rebuilding plans are currently
underway, and others are in preparation for various species
in diverse geographical areas. Those plans that have been in
operation for some years show variable success. For example,
large decreases in fishing mortality in the Western Atlantic
have been followed by increases in the biomass of haddock and
yellowtail, but for cod the results are less conclusive.
In order to improve the design and implementation of recovery
plans, contributions on the following topics are invited:
· Review case studies that illustrates the design,
potential for rebuilding, implementation, monitoring, and
evaluation of recovery plans for a range of species and geographical
areas.
· Assess how existing recovery plans have performed
compared to expectations. Where deviations from the expected
performance are identified discuss the reasons for these deviations:
have the biological models failed or is it the implementation
that failed?
· Examine the best means to assess the likely outcomes
of rebuilding plans.
· Analyse the elements of recovery plans in a sustainability
framework, including the four components of sustainability:
bio-ecological, social, economic, and institutional. Under
the bio-ecological component of sustainability, important
elements may include such life history characteristics as
lifespan, age at first maturity, natural mortality, and growth
rate, as well as multispecies interactions and the time and
space distribution of juveniles and spawners relative to different
fisheries. Various social, economic, and institutional considerations
may also influence the scope and likely success of recovery
plans and therefore need to be understood at the design stage.
The Theme Session will attempt to identify the required conditions
under which a recovery plan can be expected to lead to the
desired results.
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Mixed and Multi-Stock Fisheries
- Challenges and Tools for Assessments, Prediction, and Management
(Co-sponsored by NOAA, USA)
(Session V)
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Co-Conveners:
Laurie Kell, Walter Crozier, and Chris Legault
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Fleets and fisheries that harvest multiple stocks,
and stocks harvested by multiple fleets, face a number of complexities.
Less productive stocks in a mix of stocks harvested together
may suffer unsustainable mortality, while more productive stocks
are supporting sustainable catches. Similarly, stocks harvested
together may be at a very different status relative to safe
biological limits, which would make different harvest strategies
necessary in the same fisheries. Where fisheries take multiple
stocks of a single species, uncertainties about allocating catches
to stocks present special assessment problems. Projections to
guide advice on effort levels appropriate for different stocks
in the harvested complex can also produce results that are either
incompatible across stocks, or not straightforward to apply.
Similarly, where multiple fleets exploit a single stock, many
different projection scenarios could be consistent with - or
impossible to reconcile with - a target harvest rate. Systematic,
rather than ad hoc approaches to such situations are needed.
Contributions are invited that:
· Describe developments in assessment approaches,
management strategies, and projection methods for multi-stock
and multi-fleet fisheries.
· Discuss opportunities for applying new concepts more
widely.
Identify gaps in regard to additional work required.
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Decision Systems for Eutrophication
(Session W)
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Co-Conveners:
Sif Johansson and Fred Wulff
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Although the focus of this Session is the MARE
programme in the Baltic Sea contributions dealing with other
areas, which have implemented similar programmes, such as the
Netherlands coast, and Chesapeake Bay, are encouraged.
The aim of the MARE (Marine Research on Eutrophication) programme
is to develop a computer-based decision support system for
those whose job is to decide what action should be taken to
mitigate eutrophication effects in the Baltic Sea, and the
cost of taking this action. Ultimately the system will provide,
inter alia, a clear picture of the potential impacts of different
types of action and of how the costs could be shared in order
to secure the best possible outcome at the lowest possible
cost.
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Evaluation of Fisheries Management
Scenarios and the Supporting Data through Simulation
(Session X)
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Co-Conveners:
John Simmonds and Martin Pastoors
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There have been a number of proposed stock recovery plans
or major restrictions on fisheries implemented over the last
decade (e.g., Canadian cod, North Sea & Irish Sea cod,
Northern hake, North Sea herring). It is essential to provide
the tools to evaluate the potential benefits of recovery plans
and to understand their sensitivity to the input parameters.
It is also important subsequently to evaluate whether these
tools give valid projections where recovery plans have been
implemented. There have also been a number of studies aimed
at the evaluation of multi-annual harvesting strategies (e.g.,
MATES and MATACs) and the influence of underlying data (eg.
FIEFA, EMAS, SAMFISH and EVARES). These studies have examined
a number of simulation methods and have already produced results.
The Session intends to bring together the information on both
methods and results that have been produced to date.
The Session is aimed at work related to the evaluation of
harvest control strategies and recovery plans. In addition
to the strategies themselves, the session will provide a forum
for discussing the influence of the data underlying the assessment
models and prediction models and their influence on the main
management parameters. This will include evaluation of research
vessel surveys, CPUE series, landings data, and their combined
influence on the evaluation of the state of the stock and
setting of TACs. The investigation of influence of different
assessment and prediction models will be considered
Contributions are invited on:
· Simulation methods and results for harvest control
strategies
· Simulation methods and results for recovery plans
· Simulation methods and results for evaluating the
influence of basic data in assessment models and predictions
· Evaluation and comparison between the use of different
assessment models for the same stocks
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Reference Point Approaches to
Management within the Precautionary Approach
(Session Y)
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Co-Conveners:
Per Sandberg, Frans A. van Beek, and Carmela Porteiro
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ICES has implemented the Precautionary Approach
(PA) in its management advice for fish stocks since 1999. An
ICES symposium has been planned for 2005 on The Precautionary
Approach to Fisheries Management: Lessons Learned and Future
Directions. The implementation of the PA by ICES has been restricted
to maintain or restore the historically observed productivity
of the stocks by attempting to prevent recruitment over-fishing.
To achieve this, PA reference points have been defined, for
the time being on a single species basis. It was intended to
develop the PA concept further, taking into account multi-species
interactions, mixed fisheries considerations, and unintended
effects of fisheries on the marine ecosystem.
Contributions are invited which focus on the following topics:
· Aspects of performance, experience, and acceptance
with the ICES' implementation of the PA in advice and management:
o How have managers and other stakeholders responded?
o How has the PA framework been implemented in management?
o Has the PA had any effect on the stocks?
· Comparing different ways of interpreting and implementing
the PA around the world (ICES, NAFO, ICCAT, others):
o Minimizing risks of stock collapse versus optimizing exploitation
o Translation into feasible measures
o Decision-theoretic approach to evaluation (risk adverse
versus risk neutral)
· Further development of the PA in the ICES' advise,
taking into account i.a.:
o Multi-species, habitat, ecosystem, mixed fisheries
o Social and economic needs
o Harvest control frameworks
· How should changes in the environment be taken into
account?
o Climate change
o Fluctuations in environmental conditions
Since the PA theme is multi-disciplinary and of relevance
to scientists, managers, and stakeholders, participation and
contribution from the managers and stakeholders should be
especially encouraged.
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The Historical and Current Use
of Technical Conservation Measures and the Evaluation of their
Effectiveness, with Special Emphasis on North Atlantic Demersal
Fisheries
(Session Z)
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Co-Conveners:
Andy Revill, Bob van Marlen, and Phil A. Kunzlik
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The recent fishery crises in the North Atlantic
have emphasised the importance of technical measures in the
conservation of the resources. Major changes are occurring in
European, Canadian, and American legislation on technical conservation
measures. In particular measures are being introduced to control
gear design, to reduce fishing effort, or to apply area or seasonal
restrictions on fishing. Their aim is to help recovery plans
for stocks in waters controlled by the European Union, the Baltic
States, Norway, Canada, and the United States.
The objectives of the Session are to:
· examine the use of technical conservation measures
as a tool to improve the exploitation pattern and management
of fisheries, and
· develop a framework for the evaluation of any technical
measure prior to its introduction into legislation.
These will be achieved by:
· assessing the degree of acceptability of technical
measures by the industry, including incentives and obstacles
to their introduction, and the degree of enforcement required
to ensure effective implementation;
· assessing the effectiveness of analytical models
and data to predict the biological and economic effects of
technical measures prior to their introduction;
· assessing methods to monitor and evaluate the effects
of technical measures after their introduction.
Contributions are invited on:
· Case studies describing technical measures and their
implementation, acceptance by industry, costs including enforcement,
and biological or economic benefit to a fishery.
· Pre-implementation models to predict the biological
and economic benefits of a measure, including analyses showing
sensitivity to input parameters.
· Comparisons of the predicted effects of different
types of technical measure;
Post-implementation monitoring schemes and analytical approaches
to evaluate the effects of measures, again with sensitivity
analyses.
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ICES Identification Leaflets for Diseases and Parasites of Fish and Shell Fish
ILD No. 30 - Dermo disease of oysters caused by Perkinsus marinus. View IDL No. 30
ILD No. 38 - MSX disease of oysters caused by Haplosporidium nelsoni. View IDL No. 38
ILD No. 39 - SSO disease of oysters caused by Haplosporidium costale. View IDL No. 39
ILD No. 57 - Roseovarius Oyster Disease (ROD) caused by Roseovarius crassostreae. 2011. View No. 57
ICES Insight Issue Number 48 - September 2011
CRR 310 ICES Status Report on Climate Change in the North Atlantic. 2011. View CRR 310
CRR 309 ICES Report on Ocean Climate 2010. 2011. View CRR 309
CRR 308 Sediment dynamics in relation to sediment trend monitoring. 2011. View CRR 308
CRR 307 ICES Zooplankton Status Report 2008/2009. 2011. View CRR 307
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ICES
H. C. Andersens -
Boulevard 44-46
DK-1553
Copenhagen V
Denmark
Tel: +45 3338 6700
Fax: +45 3393 4215
info@ices.dk
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