Acoustical methods By K. G. Foote and T. K. Stanton

Contents Questions Comments and corrections New protocols Back to the main page

Contents 6.1 Introduction 6.2 General discussion of principles, instruments, techniques, and comparative approaches - Review - Background - History - Basic principles - Active sonar equation - Target strength models - Sources of variability - Measurement - Modelling - Generic instruments - Echo sounder - Sonar - Acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) - Echo integrator - Post-processing system - Methods of data processing and analysis - Echogram - Echo integration - Target strength determination - Post-processing and data analysis - Comparisons - Identification - Choosing an acoustic instrument - Single-animal methods - Multiple-animal methods - Parameter range for scientific echo sounders 6.3 Measurement protocols, model computations, and examples - Calibration - Test measurements - Standard-target method - Beam pattern measurement - Elements of echo abundance surveying - Equipment - Signal processing - Equipment use - Medium - Scatterer identification - Survey planning - Interpretation - Density measurement - Interpolation - Abundance estimation - System deployment - Evaluation of sonar performance - Exemplary model computations - Echo abundance surveying of Antarctic Krill - Target strength determination by caged-animal measurement: Antarctic Krill - Monitoring zooplankton with a fixed acoustic system - Acoustic estimates of size distribution using a multi-frequency system 6.4 Acknowledgements 6.5 References Top of the Document Questions Top of the Document Comments and corrections Top of the Document New Protocols Top of the Document